Economics 21

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  Digital Competences of Accountants within the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

  The aim of this research is to identify the major digital competences that are required for accounting professionals. The focus of the research is on three positions in the National Classification of Professions and Positions (NCPP – 2011) – those of a chief accountant, an operational accountant and a bookkeeper. The objective of the research is ... The aim of this research is to identify the major digital competences that are required for accounting professionals. The focus of the research is on three positions in the National Classification of Professions and Positions (NCPP – 2011) – those of a chief accountant, an operational accountant and a bookkeeper. The objective of the research is to make a comparative analysis of the different classes in the NCPP-2011 and the major digital competences required for them according to the main duties of the people appointed to those positions. Our research approach is based on the methods of logical reasoning, deduction and comparison, as well as analysis and synthesis of the legal requirements which have been adopted at a national and an international level in terms of the competences and professional duties for each position. In addition, an analysis has been made of proposed classifications and identified competences in related economic literature. The propositions and conclusions we give will contribute to raising the awareness of employees, employers and educational institutions about the digital competences and knowledge required from persons practising the profession. The research has been funded by the MES Program ‘Young Scientists and Postdoctoral Students’ through a grant made to the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration at Sofia University. The author would like to acknowledge the support which has been provided through the program.

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  Competitive Advantages of Adopting Biotechnological Innovations

  The underexploited potential of the national economy results in a low standard of living and a poor investment environment. Due to the current condition of economic processes, Bulgaria ranks at the bottom in terms of its GDP compared to other EU member-states and is one of the countries with the fastest declining population in the world. Low ... The underexploited potential of the national economy results in a low standard of living and a poor investment environment. Due to the current condition of economic processes, Bulgaria ranks at the bottom in terms of its GDP compared to other EU member-states and is one of the countries with the fastest declining population in the world. Low competitiveness and innovativeness of Bulgarian enterprises underlie the lack of any serious economic progress. This finding is true even for the economic spheres which contemporary biotechnological innovations are based on and in which our country has real advantages in terms of its natural resources and climate. The objective of this research paper is to analyse the main economic aspects of Life sciences and to present some major European accomplishments and partnerships in the pursuit of competitive advantages by enterprises operating in the sphere of biotechnologies.

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  Personal and Corporate Income Taxes as Sources of Local Revenues - Opportunities and Challenges

  The policy of expanding the tax powers of local authorities leads to the optimisation of vertical financial relations in the public sector and improved economic efficiency and public well-being. Within the context of decentralization (administrative and fiscal one, in particular), regional structures should be equipped with access to profitable ... The policy of expanding the tax powers of local authorities leads to the optimisation of vertical financial relations in the public sector and improved economic efficiency and public well-being. Within the context of decentralization (administrative and fiscal one, in particular), regional structures should be equipped with access to profitable revenue-generating tax sources. The paper focuses on the applicability of personal income taxes and corporate taxes at a local level. The pros and cons of using the two types of taxes as sources of revenues to municipalities are analysed, the practice of different countries around the world in the sphrere is reviewed, and, based on those, the author proposes the thesis that taxes on labour incomes should be approached as local or parallel taxes, while there are no grounds for including corporate taxes in the category of local or parallel taxes.